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Blinders (poultry)
Blinders, also known as peepers, are devices fitted to, or through, the beaks of poultry to block their forward vision and assist in the control of feather pecking, cannibalism and sometimes egg-eating. A patent for the devices was filed as early as 1935.〔. See also however the earlier patent .〕
They are used primarily for game birds, pheasant and quail, but also for turkeys and laying hens. Blinders are opaque and prevent forward vision, unlike similar devices called spectacles which have transparent lenses. Blinders work by reducing the accuracy of pecking at the feathers or body of another bird, rather than spectacles which have coloured lenses and allow the bird to see forwards but alter the perceived colour, particularly of blood. Blinders are held in position with a circlip arrangement or lugs into the nares of the bird, or a pin which pierces through the nasal septum. They can be made of metal (aluminium), neoprene or plastic, and are often brightly coloured making it easy to identify birds which have lost the device. Some versions have a hole in the centre of each of the blinders, thereby allowing restricted forward vision.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Report in Globaltimes )〕
==Benefits==
In pheasants, blinders have been shown to reduce the incidence of birds pecking each other and damage to the feathers or skin.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Defra report "To study the effects of the application of bits and spectacles in game birds" )〕
In laying hens, blinders have been shown to reduce feather pecking, improve food utilisation (due to less spillage) and increase egg production.〔Arbi, A., Cumming, R.B. and Wodzicka-Tomaszewska., M., (1983). Effects of vision restricting "polpeepers" on the behaviour of laying hens during adaptation, feeding, on general activity, agonistic behaviour and pecking damage. British Poultry Science, 24: 371-381〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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